594
edits
Rede Tupi: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| (2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{ | {{WikipediaSnapshotLangLink|langname=Portugese|langcode=pt|pagename=Rede Tupi|note=(An English version does exist: [[Wikipedia:Rede Tupi|en]])}}{{Infobox broadcasting network | ||
| name = Rede Tupi | | name = Rede Tupi | ||
| logo = [[File:Rede Tupi.svg|150px]] | | logo = [[File:Rede Tupi.svg|150px]] | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Rede Tupi''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈʁedʒi tuˈpi}}; in English, Tupi Network) was a Brazilian free-to-air television network. Its headquarters and main program producer, TV Tupi São Paulo, was inaugurated on September 18, 1950 by journalist Assis Chateaubriand. It was the first TV station to operate in in Latin America. It belonged to Diários Associados (Associated Journal), which at the time, holding several newspapers and radios, was one of the largest media conglomerates in Brazil. Other channels would be inaugurated by the group in some localities of the country, forming the nucleus of the first national television network.<ref>http://www.almanaquedacomunicacao.com.br/artigos/132.html</ref> | |||
During the 1950s, TV Tupi was the channel with the highest audience in Brazil, followed by TV Record/TV Rio (Rede das Emissoras Unidas) and TV Paulista.<ref>https://www.sampaonline.com.br/embalagemecia/colunas/elmo/coluna2001out19.htm</ref> From the 1960s, the channel would lose the audience leadership to TV Record and later the second place to TV Excelsior, occupying the third place. In 1967, it was surpassed in audience by TV Globo, assuming the fourth place of audience in the remainder of the decade.<ref>https://memoriadatv.com.br/noticia/4665/exclusiva-saiba-quando-acontece-a-virada-da-globo-no-ibope-veja-os-relatorios-de-quando-a-emissora.html</ref> During the 1970s, due to the closing of TV Excelsior, it again occupied third place, being surpassed by Rede Globo, in first place since 1969, <ref>https://www18.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/rede-globo</ref> and by TV Record in second place. In 1972, there were 64 television stations in the country. Most were limited to retransmitting the programming of the three major networks: Globo, Record and Tupi.<ref>https://www18.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/tv-tupi</ref> On July 18, 1980, due to administrative and financial problems, Tupi went off the air with part of its broadcast licenses revoked by the Federal Government of Brazil. | During the 1950s, TV Tupi was the channel with the highest audience in Brazil, followed by TV Record/TV Rio (Rede das Emissoras Unidas) and TV Paulista.<ref>https://www.sampaonline.com.br/embalagemecia/colunas/elmo/coluna2001out19.htm</ref> From the 1960s, the channel would lose the audience leadership to TV Record and later the second place to TV Excelsior, occupying the third place. In 1967, it was surpassed in audience by TV Globo, assuming the fourth place of audience in the remainder of the decade.<ref>https://memoriadatv.com.br/noticia/4665/exclusiva-saiba-quando-acontece-a-virada-da-globo-no-ibope-veja-os-relatorios-de-quando-a-emissora.html</ref> During the 1970s, due to the closing of TV Excelsior, it again occupied third place, being surpassed by Rede Globo, in first place since 1969, <ref>https://www18.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/rede-globo</ref> and by TV Record in second place. In 1972, there were 64 television stations in the country. Most were limited to retransmitting the programming of the three major networks: Globo, Record and Tupi.<ref>https://www18.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-tematico/tv-tupi</ref> On July 18, 1980, due to administrative and financial problems, Tupi went off the air with part of its broadcast licenses revoked by the Federal Government of Brazil. | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
The station's assets were acquired by Grupo Silvio Santos (owner of SBT), Grupo Bloch (owner of Rede Manchete, which would close in 1999 and would have its concessions acquired by RedeTV!) and by Grupo Abril.<ref>https://teleguiado.com/televisao/2021/07/justica-anulou-concessao-de-canal-que-vai-abrigar-a-tv-jovem-pan.html</ref><ref>https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/televisao/justica-cassa-concessao-de-canal-32-e-empaca-futura-tv-da-jovem-pan-63785</ref> | The station's assets were acquired by Grupo Silvio Santos (owner of SBT), Grupo Bloch (owner of Rede Manchete, which would close in 1999 and would have its concessions acquired by RedeTV!) and by Grupo Abril.<ref>https://teleguiado.com/televisao/2021/07/justica-anulou-concessao-de-canal-que-vai-abrigar-a-tv-jovem-pan.html</ref><ref>https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/televisao/justica-cassa-concessao-de-canal-32-e-empaca-futura-tv-da-jovem-pan-63785</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History == | ||
===Assembly of the São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro stations=== | === Assembly of the São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro stations === | ||
Journalist Assis Chateaubriand, director of Diários e Emissoras Associados, Latin America's largest media conglomerate, became interested in television in July 1944 during a business visit to the headquarters of RCA Victor in New York, from which he had acquired equipment for the assembly of its radio stations. The president of RCA David Sarnoff prepared for Chateaubriand a presentation of the company's investments in broadcasting, including some models of television cameras. After hearing explanations from the engineer and vice president of RCA Vladimir Zworykin about the technology, which until then he had never seen, Chateaubriand quickly decided to create stations for Radio Tupi of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, although he was advised by Sarnoff that Brazil was not ready to receive television and that it should be concerned with strengthening its radio network. Registering the request for installation of the medium, needing to wait for the end of World War II to buy the equipment, Chateaubriand returned to Brazil and sought advertisers and businessmen, who financed his future stations in exchange for advertising contracts and bore the expenses of its assembly. All the equipment for the stations totaled an investment of US$5 Million, equivalent to Cr$ 16 million. | Journalist Assis Chateaubriand, director of Diários e Emissoras Associados, Latin America's largest media conglomerate, became interested in television in July 1944 during a business visit to the headquarters of RCA Victor in New York, from which he had acquired equipment for the assembly of its radio stations. The president of RCA David Sarnoff prepared for Chateaubriand a presentation of the company's investments in broadcasting, including some models of television cameras. After hearing explanations from the engineer and vice president of RCA Vladimir Zworykin about the technology, which until then he had never seen, Chateaubriand quickly decided to create stations for Radio Tupi of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, although he was advised by Sarnoff that Brazil was not ready to receive television and that it should be concerned with strengthening its radio network. Registering the request for installation of the medium, needing to wait for the end of World War II to buy the equipment, Chateaubriand returned to Brazil and sought advertisers and businessmen, who financed his future stations in exchange for advertising contracts and bore the expenses of its assembly. All the equipment for the stations totaled an investment of US$5 Million, equivalent to Cr$ 16 million. | ||
| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
In January 1948, Radio Tupi of Rio de Janeiro requested the Ministry of Transportation and Public Works licenses to operate the new stations, but the minister Clóvis Pestana released the installation only from the Rio station. The Associates then chose Rádio Difusora de São Paulo to be responsible for the license in the city, granted in May 1949. Days after Radio Tupi made the request official, the Associates began to disseminate news about the implementation of television in Brazil in their newspapers and magazines. | In January 1948, Radio Tupi of Rio de Janeiro requested the Ministry of Transportation and Public Works licenses to operate the new stations, but the minister Clóvis Pestana released the installation only from the Rio station. The Associates then chose Rádio Difusora de São Paulo to be responsible for the license in the city, granted in May 1949. Days after Radio Tupi made the request official, the Associates began to disseminate news about the implementation of television in Brazil in their newspapers and magazines. | ||
=== Launch === | ===Launch=== | ||
After a few months of training, some broadcasters chosen by Assis Chateaubriand, known as Chatô, embarked on the adventure of making TV. The studios were small, the equipment precarious, but the birth of TV Tupi São Paulo was solemn. Chateaubriand presided over the ceremony, which included the participation of a Mexican singer, Frei José Mojica, who sang "The TV song", an anthem composed by the poet Guilherme de Almeida, which also included actress Lolita Rodrigues, especially for the occasion. A ballet by Lia Marques and a recitation by poet Rosalina Coelho, named godmother of the "modern equipment" were part of the show. The young actress Yara Lins was specially summoned to say the station's prefix — PRF-3 — and that of a series of radio stations that broadcast the event in a chain. Then came the programming on the screen of the five televisions installed in the lobby of the Associated Diaries building. | After a few months of training, some broadcasters chosen by Assis Chateaubriand, known as Chatô, embarked on the adventure of making TV. The studios were small, the equipment precarious, but the birth of TV Tupi São Paulo was solemn. Chateaubriand presided over the ceremony, which included the participation of a Mexican singer, Frei José Mojica, who sang "The TV song", an anthem composed by the poet Guilherme de Almeida, which also included actress Lolita Rodrigues, especially for the occasion. A ballet by Lia Marques and a recitation by poet Rosalina Coelho, named godmother of the "modern equipment" were part of the show. The young actress Yara Lins was specially summoned to say the station's prefix — PRF-3 — and that of a series of radio stations that broadcast the event in a chain. Then came the programming on the screen of the five televisions installed in the lobby of the Associated Diaries building. | ||
| Line 107: | Line 107: | ||
At the end of the 60s, thanks to microwave transmission systems, telecommunications were revolutionized. This made it possible to broadcast live by TV stations all over the country. A historical event broadcast live by TV Tupi was the official inauguration in July 1970 of the Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) system in the city of São Paulo, made in conjunction with Brazilian Telephone Company and Embratel.<ref>https://acervo.estadao.com.br/publicados/1970/07/09/g/19700709-29218-nac-0023-999-23-not-gegwagx.jpg</ref> | At the end of the 60s, thanks to microwave transmission systems, telecommunications were revolutionized. This made it possible to broadcast live by TV stations all over the country. A historical event broadcast live by TV Tupi was the official inauguration in July 1970 of the Direct Distance Dialing (DDD) system in the city of São Paulo, made in conjunction with Brazilian Telephone Company and Embratel.<ref>https://acervo.estadao.com.br/publicados/1970/07/09/g/19700709-29218-nac-0023-999-23-not-gegwagx.jpg</ref> | ||
=== The formation of the network and the crisis === | ===The formation of the network and the crisis=== | ||
[[File:Rio-PraiaUrca1.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Old Urca Casino, used to host TV Tupi in Rio de Janeiro.]] | [[File:Rio-PraiaUrca1.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Old Urca Casino, used to host TV Tupi in Rio de Janeiro.]] | ||
The long crisis of the Associated Diaries had already begun long before the death of Assis Chateaubriand on April 4, 1968. Shaken by financial problems, poorly managed and without investments, Tupi would lose both program quality and audience. | The long crisis of the Associated Diaries had already begun long before the death of Assis Chateaubriand on April 4, 1968. Shaken by financial problems, poorly managed and without investments, Tupi would lose both program quality and audience. | ||
| Line 121: | Line 121: | ||
The constant wage arrears kept the atmosphere tense in the pioneer broadcaster. The prospects for paying arrears were increasingly remote and the explanations given to employees increasingly inconsistent. To make matters worse, a fire in the station's building in São Paulo in October 1978 took TV Tupi off the air for a few minutes and destroyed the new equipment acquired by the station in the same year, which did not even come into operation. Also in 1978, it began the construction of its new transmitting antenna, which would be the largest TV tower in South America (this tower would be completed by Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (SBT) a few years later). The following year, the cast of ''O Espantalho'', by Ivani Ribeiro (aired by RecordTV in 1977), sued TV Tupi for not paying the related rights to the actors. Between 1979 and 1980, another strike would hit the network. The crisis would eventually reach Brasilia. The then President of the Republic, João Figueiredo, was willing to receive a commission from leaders of the unions involved. | The constant wage arrears kept the atmosphere tense in the pioneer broadcaster. The prospects for paying arrears were increasingly remote and the explanations given to employees increasingly inconsistent. To make matters worse, a fire in the station's building in São Paulo in October 1978 took TV Tupi off the air for a few minutes and destroyed the new equipment acquired by the station in the same year, which did not even come into operation. Also in 1978, it began the construction of its new transmitting antenna, which would be the largest TV tower in South America (this tower would be completed by Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão (SBT) a few years later). The following year, the cast of ''O Espantalho'', by Ivani Ribeiro (aired by RecordTV in 1977), sued TV Tupi for not paying the related rights to the actors. Between 1979 and 1980, another strike would hit the network. The crisis would eventually reach Brasilia. The then President of the Republic, João Figueiredo, was willing to receive a commission from leaders of the unions involved. | ||
The strike lasted until early February 1980, when the station closed its drama department and laid off the 250 employees who worked in this sector. The soaps ''Drácula, Uma História de Amor'', which only had 4 chapters aired, and ''Como salvar meu casamento'', 20 episodes from its conclusion, were discontinued. In addition, another soap, ‘’ Maria Nazaré'', was in pre-production and 32 scenes were already recorded at the time, but did not get on the air. To replace ''Drácula, Uma História de Amor'', a rerun of the soap opera ''Éramos Seis'' was aired, and to replace ''Como Salvar Meu Casamento'', a rerun of ''A Viagem'' was aired. | The strike lasted until early February 1980, when the station closed its drama department and laid off the 250 employees who worked in this sector. The soaps ''Drácula, Uma História de Amor'', which only had 4 chapters aired, and ''Como salvar meu casamento'', 20 episodes from its conclusion, were discontinued. In addition, another soap, ‘’ Maria Nazaré'', was in pre-production and 32 scenes were already recorded at the time, but did not get on the air. To replace ''Drácula, Uma História de Amor'', a rerun of the soap opera ''Éramos Seis'' was aired, and to replace ''Como Salvar Meu Casamento'', a rerun of ''A Viagem'' was aired.'' | ||
On July 16, TV Tupi had 7 of its 10 licenses declared non-renewable by the Federal Government. The decision was published in the Official Gazette the following day; also on the 17th, the employees of TV Tupi Rio began a vigil that lasted 18 hours, led by the presenter Jorge Perlingeiro, with the aim of preventing the channel from being closed. Several personalities, such as the singer Agnaldo Timóteo and the comedian Costinha, gave support to the employees. | On July 16, TV Tupi had 7 of its 10 licenses declared non-renewable by the Federal Government. The decision was published in the Official Gazette the following day; also on the 17th, the employees of TV Tupi Rio began a vigil that lasted 18 hours, led by the presenter Jorge Perlingeiro, with the aim of preventing the channel from being closed. Several personalities, such as the singer Agnaldo Timóteo and the comedian Costinha, gave support to the employees. | ||
| Line 135: | Line 135: | ||
The head of the São Paulo network was shut down exactly 29 years and ten months after its inauguration. TV Tupi Rio, TV Itacolomi of Belo Horizonte, TV Marajoara of Belém, TV Piratini of Porto Alegre, TV Ceará of Fortaleza, and TV Rádio Clube of Recife also went off air. However, there remains a collection of two hundred thousand rolls of films, sixty one hundred video-tapes and texts of television news that tell 30 years of many stories of Brazil and the world. | The head of the São Paulo network was shut down exactly 29 years and ten months after its inauguration. TV Tupi Rio, TV Itacolomi of Belo Horizonte, TV Marajoara of Belém, TV Piratini of Porto Alegre, TV Ceará of Fortaleza, and TV Rádio Clube of Recife also went off air. However, there remains a collection of two hundred thousand rolls of films, sixty one hundred video-tapes and texts of television news that tell 30 years of many stories of Brazil and the world. | ||
== Notes == | ==Notes== | ||
{{reflist|group=Note|refs= | {{reflist|group=Note|refs= | ||
<ref name=Note01>See you soon, friendly viewers</ref> | <ref name=Note01>See you soon, friendly viewers</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Resources == | ==Resources == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||